A solid bar microextraction method for the liquid chromatographic determination of trace diclofenac, ibuprofen and carbamazepine in river water

A solid bar microextraction (SBME) method containing sorbent materials 2 mg in the lumen of a porous hollow fiber membrane 2.5 cm for the extraction of carbamazepine, diclofenac and ibuprofen from river water samples is described. The desorbed analytes were analyzed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. In order to achieve optimum performance, several extraction parameters were optimized. Of the sorbents evaluated, LiChrosorb RP-8 was the most promising. Under the optimized conditions, limits of detection from 0.7 to 0.9 μg L, precisions from 5.5 to 6.4% and a correlation coefficient of 0.999 were obtained for the target drugs over a concentration range of 1–200 μg L. In comparison with the solid phase extraction, the SBME system offers distinct advantages due to its higher enrichment factors, lower consumption of organic solvents and time saving.